ABOUT KEDAH HISTORY

Recorded history shows that in the 5th century AD, traders plying the east-west trade route stopped at the port of Kuala Muda, using Gunung Jerai, Kedah's highest peak, as a navigational point.

The ruins of ancient Candi (temples) in the Bujang Valley show that a Hindu-Buddhist civilization existed here and may have been one of the first places to have come into contact with Indian traders. How important this kingdom was, is still being researched as more artifacts are unearthed.

During the 7th and 8th centuries, Kedah paid tribute to the Sumatran Srivijaya Empire. After the decline of the empire, it became a vassal state to the Thais until the 15th Century when the rise of Malacca led to the Islamization of the area. Kedah faced Portuguese and Achehnese attacks in the 17th century, but it again fell into Thai hands in 1821.

The Thais handed Kedah over to the British in 1909, and after the Japanese occupation, it became one of the states of the Malayan Union and subsequently the Federation of Malaya in 1948.



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Thursday, February 25, 2010

CELEBRATING THE PROPHET'S BIRTHDAY WITH SPIRIT OF UNITY

By Rohana Mustaffa - Thursday, February 25


KUALA LUMPUR, Feb 25 (Bernama) -- In the narration of a hadith, the Prophet had once said, which means :"Bless those who saw me and believed in me (he said this once) and bless who did not see but believed in me (he said this seven times)".
To the ulama, welcoming the Prophet's birthday or Maulidur Rasul means remembering and having faith in the Prophet that also brings the realisation of Allah's greatness. In the Surah Al-Hajj, Allah has spelt out, the words that carries the meaning:" Anybody who glorifies greatness, it depicts the person's taqwa”. (Taqwá is the Islamic concept of God-consciousness. Taqwa is defined as the state of being conscious of Allah. Avoiding actions that lead to Allah`s anger and disapproval while consciously undertaking steps and actions that will please Allah).

Hence Maulidur Rasul is celebrated with the sense of taqwa be it at any functions including ceramah or forum to bring Muslims closer to appreciating the Prophet's noble values, avoiding what he had disapproved and doing what he pleased as well as inviting others to join his dakwah, among others.

PROPHET'S TEACHINGS

Among the Prophet's teachings is for man to always to do good. Muslims were told to be equally fair to both friends and foes, practise the spirit of brotherhood apart from living peacefully in a community and rendering assistance for the performance of good deeds. The Prophet himself had lived among the infidel Quraish community in Mecca but he, along with those who had embraced Islam, introduced the spirit and sense of brotherhood to the non-Muslim community.
When the Prophet's companions, who were originally infidels who had converted to Islam, the Prophet had never barred them from doing good to their family members who had yet to be Muslims. “Unfortunately, many among us choose to be against each other. As if resolving differences via conflicts is a better way of finding the solution as compared to settling the dispute in an amicable manner," according to the Malaysian Institute of Islamic Understanding (Ikim) Fellow Azrina Sobian. In her article about the disputes that occurred in the Malaysian society recently, she reminded that history had proven that conflicts that were not handled well can give rise to catastrophes.

GREED, SELFISH

She said many among us had placed greed and self-interest apart from having failed or declined to accept the detrimental effects of the differences where such conflicts could have been averted.
Azrina, who is Ikim's Science and Environmental Studies Fellow, wrote that preferring splits over unity is well against the principle of Islam. Islam advocates unity and brotherhood (mentioned in Surah an-Nisaa’ 4:1, Surah al-Hujuraat 49:10) and admonishes disunity (Surah ali-Imran 3:103). Islam calls on us to know and understand each other (Surah al-Hujuraat 49:13) to achieve prosperity in life. “Witness the beauty of what Islam sees in the spirit of brotherhood. Unfortunately at present, the negligence, misunderstanding and refusal to embrace this demand has led us to be involved in disputes rather than being good to one another," she wrote. According to Azrina, if studied closely the reasons behind this, then man would return to the main trait of being greedy. Greed to become rich, to be leaders, greed to get all projects, to become the most popular and all forms of greed to the extent of jeopardising the peace and unity.

CORRECTING THE SITUATION

The key measure to correct the situation is by being aware of the respective facts and responsibility, wrote Azrina. "As members of the community, we have the responsibility to exercise wisdom to specifically weed out the evil elements that can lead us to splits. We need not believe all that reached our ears as what being passed around may not be the truth". Whatever it is, the main objective is to remain united and avoid splits, she wrote. "Have it ever crossed our mind that if we think that our opinion is correct, so are that from the others?" she asked. According to Azrina, this is the principle held by Imam Shafie on the different thinking of other ulama in his time. Imam Shafie had one said:“In God's name, I do not care if the truth is from my own tongue or that of my enemy”. This means that Imam Shafie had wanted to avoid splits and differences that could arise from conflicts of opinion and his main ojective is to preserve unity. This is what is known as 'unity amidst differences'. If each of us uphold this objective and unite, then many issues can be amicably resolved, wrote Azrina. Therefore, seek unity and not splits, as in the words of Al-Subki, the author of biographies on figures in the Shafie Sect.
“Without a conflict, it is a blessing".

-- BERNAMA RON ZUL RON

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ABOUT AMATEUR RADIO

Amateur radio service is defined in the Communication and Multimedia (Spectrum) Regulations 2000 as a radiocommunications service (covering both terrestrial and satellite) in which a station is used for the purpose of self traning, intercommunication and technical investigations carried out by authorized persons who are interested in radio technique solely with a personal aim and without any pecuniary interest.

AMATEUR RADIO OPERATOR'S CERTIFICATE

Regulation 27(1) of the Communications and Multimedia (Technical Standards) Regulations 2000 states that no person shall undertake or conduct any activity in designated skil area unless that person is certified. Amateur radio operator has been gazetted as a designated skill area category under the regulation, hence to operate an amateur radio station a person needs to have an appropriate proficiency and skill i.e. certified in this area.

INTERFERENCE

Please ensure that the radio transmision does not cause interference to any other radio services. Regulation 15(1) of the Communications and Multemedia (Technical Standards) Regulations 2000 states that no person shall intentionally design, install, operate, maintain or modify any communications equipment in a manner is likely to cause interference with, impairment, mulfunction of, or harm to any communications equipment or any other equipment.

Regulation 15(2) of the regulation denotes that a person who contravenes this regulation commits an offence and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding three hundred thousand ringgit (RM 300,000.00) or to imprisonment for a term of not exceeding three years or to both.

To eliminate the potential of interferences, the following procedures must be followed strictly:-

a) Ensure that suffient equipment, tools and test gear is available and can used to monitor and verify that your transmission does not cause any interference to other radio services.

b) You must responsible if your amateur radio is found to be the caused of interference. Immediate remedy action must be taken to rectify the problems in case of interference.

c) Ensure that the transmission do not exceed the level of over deviation.

d) Ensure that the radiated energy is always within the narrowest posible frequency bands for any class of emission in use.

e) The radiation of harmonics and spurious emissions should be suppressed to minimize interference.

Historical Description of Amateur Radio: From the Encyclopedia Britannica:-

Interest in amateur radio arose around the turn of the century, shortly after the Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi successfully sent the first transatlantic wireless signal in 1901. The interference of amateur broadcasts with commercial and military transmissions led to the institution of government control in 1911. After World War I, amateurs became active in radio experimentation, contributing to developments in long-distance broadcasting and becoming the first radio operators successfully to exploit the upper medium-frequency and lower high-frequency radio bands. Over the years, amateur radio operators have also provided emergency communications during forest fires, floods, hurricanes, and other disasters. They serve as an important link between stricken communities and the outside world until normal communications are reestablished.Amateur radio operators in the United States are subject to international and federal regulations. There are five classes of licenses. Competence in the use of the International Morse Code and a knowledge of radio theory and regulation are required to obtain the advanced-level licenses. Amateur radio is allocated frequencies at the extreme high-frequency end of the medium-wave band, five groups of frequencies in the shortwave band, two groups in the veryhigh-frequency band, three in the ultrahigh-frequency band, and seven in the superhigh-frequency band for telegraphic and telephonic communication using amplitude and frequency modulation. There are restrictions on the power of the transmitters, and certain of the frequencies must be shared with due regard for the needs of other users.

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